advance
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advance
A payment in advance on a salary, wage, or fee that is paid before the actual due date or before a service has been fully provided.
Da er knapp bei Kasse war, bat der Mitarbeiter seinen Chef um einen Vorschuss.
Since he was short on cash, the employee asked his boss for an advance.
advance trust
In a figurative sense, trust, a positive expectation, or praise given to someone or something in advance. Often used in the expression 'Vorschusslorbeeren' (advance praise).
Der neue Spieler erhielt von den Fans einen großen Vertrauensvorschuss.
The new player received a large amount of advance trust from the fans.
The word consists of the prefix 'vor-' (in advance) and 'der Schuss' (shot). The combination means that something—usually money—is 'vorgeschossen' (advanced), that is, paid before the actual date.
Ein Vorschuss kann helfen, einen kurzfristigen finanziellen Engpass zu überbrücken.
An advance can help bridge a short-term financial shortage.
The context makes the meaning clear. If people are talking about money, salary, or payment, it means a payment in advance. If it is about abstract things like trust, praise, or expectations, the figurative meaning is intended.
Er bat um einen Vorschuss von 200 Euro auf sein nächstes Gehalt.
He asked for a 200-euro advance on his next salary.
In a financial context, 'Vorschuss' (advance) is often used with certain verbs: 'um einen Vorschuss bitten' (to ask for an advance), 'einen Vorschuss bekommen' (to get an advance), or 'einen Vorschuss gewähren' (to grant an advance).
Die Firma gewährt ihren Mitarbeitern in Notfällen einen Vorschuss.
The company grants its employees an advance in emergencies.
In the figurative meaning, the expression 'Vorschusslorbeeren bekommen/ernten' (to receive advance praise) is very common. It means that someone is already being praised before they have even shown what they can do.
Der Film bekam schon vor der Premiere viele Vorschusslorbeeren von den Kritikern.
The film received a lot of advance praise from critics even before the premiere.
loan
Both words can refer to a sum of money received temporarily. However, a Vorschuss is offset against a salary, wage, or fee due later, while a Darlehen is repaid independently of this. Vorschuss is used for money received before payday; Darlehen is used when there is a separate loan agreement.
Für die unerwartete Reparatur bat sie ihren Arbeitgeber um einen Vorschuss auf ihr nächstes Gehalt.
She asked her employer for an advance on her next salary to pay for the unexpected repair.
Für die unerwartete Reparatur nahm sie ein Darlehen auf, das sie unabhängig von ihrem Gehalt zurückzahlt.
She took out a loan for the unexpected repair and repays it independently of her salary.
