to preserve
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to preserve
To maintain or protect something abstract, such as a condition, reputation, or quality, so that it is not lost.
Trotz der schwierigen Situation versuchte er, den Schein zu wahren.
Despite the difficult situation, he tried to keep up appearances.
The verb 'wahren' (to preserve) is closely related to the adjective 'wahr' (true). It means to keep or preserve something in a 'true', correct, or intact state.
Er versucht, sein Gesicht zu wahren und keine Schwäche zu zeigen.
He tries to save face and not show any weakness.
'Wahren' is mainly used in written language or in formal contexts. It often sounds more elevated than other verbs with a similar meaning.
Die Diplomatin musste unter Druck die Contenance wahren.
The diplomat had to maintain her composure under pressure.
The verb 'wahren' is almost always used with abstract nouns in the accusative. Typical combinations are: die Ruhe wahren (to keep calm), die Fassung wahren (to maintain one's composure), einen kühlen Kopf wahren (to keep a cool head), or die Distanz wahren (to keep one's distance).
Auch in der hektischen Diskussion wahrte sie stets einen kühlen Kopf.
Even in the hectic discussion, she always kept a cool head.
In this rare and formal meaning, 'wahren' is reflexive and is used with the preposition 'vor' and the dative. The structure is always: sich vor jemandem/etwas wahren (to guard oneself against someone/something).
Ein kluger Anleger wahrt sich vor zu riskanten Investitionen.
A smart investor guards against overly risky investments.
to receive / preserve / support
'erhalten' and 'wahren' both have to do with preserving and protecting. 'erhalten' is often used for things that are supposed to stay in good condition, for example buildings, nature, or traditions. 'wahren' is more suitable for abstract things such as calm, distance, rights, dignity, or a good reputation. It sounds more formal than 'erhalten'. Learners may confuse the words because both can mean 'not to lose'. In practical terms: concrete things are usually 'erhalten', while abstract values or states are more likely to be 'wahren'.
Auch im Streit sollte man einen freundlichen Ton wahren.
Even in an argument, you should maintain a friendly tone.
Viele Menschen helfen mit, den alten Park in der Stadt zu erhalten.
Many people help preserve the old park in the city.