collision / clash
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collision
An event in which two or more objects, often vehicles or people, crash into each other forcefully.
Bei dem Zusammenstoß der beiden Autos gab es zum Glück nur Blechschaden.
Fortunately, the collision between the two cars only caused damage to the vehicles.
The word consists of 'zusammen' (together) and 'der Stoß' (the push/impact, from 'stoßen' (to push/bump)). So it literally describes an event in which things 'zusammenstoßen' (collide). This logic applies both to physical collisions and to conflicts.
Der Zusammenstoß der beiden Radfahrer war unvermeidbar.
The collision between the two cyclists was unavoidable.
The phrase 'es kommt zu einem Zusammenstoß' (a collision/clash occurs) is used very frequently. This impersonal construction is common in both formal and informal contexts.
Auf der Kreuzung kommt es häufig zu Zusammenstößen.
Collisions often occur at the intersection.
To name the parties involved, you usually use the preposition 'mit' (with) for the opponent or 'zwischen' (between) for two or more parties. This applies to both meanings of the word.
Ein Zusammenstoß mit einem LKW ist immer gefährlich.
A collision with a truck is always dangerous.
accident
'Unfall' and 'Zusammenstoß' can both describe a sudden negative event, especially in traffic. 'Unfall' is broader and means the whole event involving damage or injury. An accident can also happen without a collision, for example if someone falls. 'Zusammenstoß' is more specific: two or more people, vehicles, or things crash into each other forcefully. The words are easy to confuse because a collision often leads to an accident. If you mean the consequence, that is, damage or injured people, 'Unfall' is more natural. If you mean the type of event, 'Zusammenstoß' is more precise.
Der Zusammenstoß mit dem Fahrrad passierte direkt vor der Schule.
The collision with the bicycle happened right in front of the school.
Für die Versicherung braucht du nach dem Unfall einen genauen Bericht.
For the insurance company, you need a detailed report after the accident.