temperament / mood
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temperament
A person's general mental and emotional state or character; the way someone feels and thinks.
Er hat ein ruhiges Gemüt und lässt sich nicht so leicht aus der Ruhe bringen.
He has a calm temperament and doesn't lose his composure easily.
tempers
In the plural: the emotions and moods of a group of people, often in connection with excitement or conflict.
Die umstrittene Entscheidung des Schiedsrichters erhitzte die Gemüter der Fans.
The referee's controversial decision inflamed the fans' tempers.
to get someone down
A situation or event that makes someone sad, dejected, or depressed.
Das andauernd schlechte Wetter schlägt mir langsam aufs Gemüt.
The constant bad weather is slowly getting me down.
'Gemüt' belongs to the word family of 'Mut' (courage). While 'Mut' means bravery, 'Gemüt' describes one's inner mental and emotional state. The adjective 'gemütlich' (cozy) is also related and describes something that is good for the Gemüt.
Seine positive Art sorgt für eine gemütliche Atmosphäre.
His positive manner creates a cozy atmosphere.
To describe a person's character, 'Gemüt' is often combined with adjectives such as 'heiter' (cheerful), 'ruhig' (calm), 'sanft' (gentle), or 'sonnig' (sunny).
Meine Großmutter hat ein sehr sanftes Gemüt.
My grandmother has a very gentle temperament.
In the plural, 'die Gemüter' describes the mood of a group. Typical verbs in this context are 'die Gemüter erhitzen' (to inflame tempers) and 'die Gemüter beruhigen' (to calm tempers).
Die Diskussion erhitzte schnell die Gemüter.
The discussion quickly inflamed tempers.
The idiom 'jemandem aufs Gemüt schlagen' (to get someone down) has a fixed structure. The person who becomes sad is always in the dative.
Die ständige Kritik schlägt ihm sichtlich aufs Gemüt.
The constant criticism is visibly getting him down.
heart
Both words refer to a person's emotional inner life. Herz is more closely associated with love and moral character, while Gemüt refers more to a person's general emotional state and disposition. Use Herz for an evaluative human quality and Gemüt for someone's mood or way of feeling.
Das freundliche Gespräch beruhigte ihr aufgeregtes Gemüt.
The friendly conversation calmed her agitated mood.
Sein großes Herz zeigte sich, als er der Familie sofort half.
His big heart showed when he immediately helped the family.
