to shut down / wind down / drive down
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to shut down
To turn off a computer or another technical system in a controlled way so that all processes are ended and data is saved.
Du solltest den Computer immer ordnungsgemäß runterfahren, bevor du den Stecker ziehst.
You should always shut down the computer properly before unplugging it.
'Runterfahren' (to shut down / wind down / drive down) is a separable verb. The prefix 'runter' stands at the end in main clauses. In subordinate clauses and in the infinitive with 'zu', the verb stays together.
Ich fahre jetzt den Computer runter.
I'm shutting down the computer now.
The verb consists of the colloquial short form 'runter' (from 'herunter', meaning down) and 'fahren' (to drive/go). All meanings derive from the idea of downward movement or reduction—whether literal, technical, or metaphorical.
Nach dem Stress muss ich am Wochenende erstmal wieder runterfahren.
After all the stress, I first need to wind down again on the weekend.
The object of the verb makes the meaning clear. If it refers to a 'Computer' (computer, m01), 'die Produktion' (production, m02), a person (m03), or a 'Berg' (mountain, m04), you know what is meant.
Wir müssen die Heizung runterfahren, um Energie zu sparen.
We have to turn down the heating to save energy.
In the meaning 'sich entspannen' (to relax), 'runterfahren' (to wind down) is often used without an object. It then describes the process of a person calming down.
Nach der Arbeit brauche ich eine Stunde für mich, um runterzufahren.
After work, I need an hour to myself to wind down.
to reduce
'reduzieren' and 'runterfahren' can both mean that activity, output, or production becomes lower. 'reduzieren' is neutral and fits many areas, for example costs, quantities, or noise. 'runterfahren' often sounds a little more colloquial and is especially used with businesses, machines, projects, or work: something is no longer running at full power. When it is about an exact number or amount, 'reduzieren' is usually more natural. When it is about less operation or a slower pace, 'runterfahren' fits well.
In den Ferien fährt die Schule viele Angebote für die Kinder runter.
During the holidays, the school scales back many activities for the children.
Für die Veranstaltung reduziert der Verein die Zahl der Gäste.
For the event, the club is reducing the number of guests.