schema / pattern
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diagram
A simplified plan, graphic representation, or model that shows the basic structure or functioning of something.
Dieses Schema zeigt den Aufbau des menschlichen Herzens.
This diagram shows the structure of the human heart.
The idiom 'nach Schema F' means to do something routinely, impersonally, and strictly according to the rules, without considering the individual case.
In großen Unternehmen werden Bewerbungen oft nach Schema F sortiert.
In large companies, applications are often sorted by the book.
A 'Schema' can be a concrete, visual representation (e.g. a blueprint) or an abstract pattern for actions or thoughts. The context makes it clear whether it refers to a drawing or a way of proceeding.
Der Lehrer zeichnete ein Schema der Fotosynthese an die Tafel.
The teacher drew a diagram of photosynthesis on the board.
The adjective 'schematisch' (schematic) is derived from the noun 'das Schema' (schema/pattern). It means 'shown in simplified form' or 'following a fixed pattern.'
Die Anleitung zeigt nur eine schematische Darstellung des Geräts.
The instructions show only a schematic representation of the device.
When 'Schema' (pattern) describes a pattern of action, it is often combined with verbs such as 'folgen' (to follow), 'anwenden' (to apply), or 'durchbrechen' (to break through). Common phrases are 'nach dem gleichen Schema' (according to the same pattern) or 'in ein Schema passen' (to fit into a pattern).
Der Dieb ging immer nach demselben Schema vor.
The thief always proceeded according to the same pattern.
system
'das System' and 'das Schema' both have to do with order and structure. A system is usually a larger whole whose parts work together, for example in technology, in a company, or in learning. A 'Schema' is more like a simplified plan, a diagram, or a fixed pattern. You can explain a system with a 'Schema', but the 'Schema' is not the whole system. The words can be confused when talking about organization. As a practical rule: 'System' fits better for the functioning whole, while 'Schema' fits better for the plan or pattern behind it.
Mehmet zeichnet ein einfaches Schema, damit alle den Ablauf verstehen.
Mehmet draws a simple diagram so that everyone understands the process.
Das neue System im Büro speichert alle Kundendaten automatisch.
The new system in the office automatically stores all customer data.