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front
Describes the position at the front side or beginning of something, as opposed to 'hinter' (behind). It is used almost exclusively in its inflected form before a noun, e.g. 'vordere', 'vorderes'.
Der vordere Reifen des Fahrrads hat einen Platten.
The front tire of the bicycle has a flat.
The adjective 'vorder-' (front) can only appear in its declined form before a noun, e.g. 'der vordere Platz' (the front seat/place). It cannot be used alone at the end of a sentence.
Bitte benutzen Sie die vordere Tür zum Einsteigen.
Please use the front door to board.
You cannot say 'Der Sitz ist vorder.' To describe a position at the end of a sentence, you must use the adverb 'vorne' (at the front / in front).
Der vordere Bereich des Busses ist für Kinderwagen reserviert.
The front area of the bus is reserved for strollers.
'Vorder-' (front) is often combined with parts of objects, vehicles, or bodies. Typical examples are 'die vordere Reihe' (the front row), 'das vordere Bein' (the front leg), or 'der vordere Teil' (the front part).
Mein vorderer Zahn braucht eine Füllung.
My front tooth needs a filling.
behind
'hinter' and 'vorder' both describe a position in relation to a front and back side. But they are opposites: 'hinter' means the back side or movement there. 'vorder' means the front side or the front part. The grammar is also important: 'hinter' is a preposition and comes before a noun phrase, for example 'hinter dem Haus' (behind the house) or 'hinter das Haus' (behind the house / to behind the house). 'vorder' is used almost only in an inflected form before a noun, for example 'die vordere Tür' (the front door). Learners may confuse the words because both talk about position on an object. As a practical rule: use 'hinter' for the back side, and use 'vordere', 'vorderer', or 'vorderes' for the front part.
Im Bus ist der vordere Platz noch frei.
The front seat on the bus is still free.
Der Hund liegt hinter dem Sofa und schläft.
The dog is lying behind the sofa and sleeping.