schwanken
to sway
To move back and forth uncertainly or irregularly; to wobble.
EXAMPLE
Die alte Hängebrücke schwankte bedrohlich im Wind.
The old suspension bridge swayed ominously in the wind.
schwanken
to sway / fluctuate / waver
schwanken – schwankte – hat geschwankt
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Meanings
schwanken
to fluctuate
In reference to values, amounts, or conditions, to be inconsistent and constantly change; to fluctuate.
EXAMPLE
Die Temperaturen schwanken im April oft zwischen warm und kalt.
Temperatures in April often fluctuate between warm and cold.
schwanken
to waver
To be undecided; to be torn between different opinions, decisions, or feelings.
EXAMPLE
Er schwankte lange, ob er das Jobangebot annehmen sollte.
He wavered for a long time over whether he should accept the job offer.
schwanken
to vary
To be inconsistent in quality or performance, sometimes better and sometimes worse.
EXAMPLE
Die Leistungen des Sportlers schwankten in dieser Saison stark.
The athlete's performances varied greatly this season.
Forms
Forms adapted from the German Wiktionary entry schwanken, by Wiktionary contributors, licence CC BY-SA 4.0.
Present
| ich | schwanke |
|---|---|
| du | schwankst |
| er/sie/es | schwankt |
| wir | schwanken |
| ihr | schwankt |
| sie | schwanken |
Simple past
| ich | schwankte |
|---|---|
| du | schwanktest |
| er/sie/es | schwankte |
| wir | schwankten |
| ihr | schwanktet |
| sie | schwankten |
Perfect
with sein or haben
| ich | habe geschwankt bin geschwankt |
|---|---|
| du | hast geschwankt bist geschwankt |
| er/sie/es | hat geschwankt ist geschwankt |
| wir | haben geschwankt sind geschwankt |
| ihr | habt geschwankt seid geschwankt |
| sie | haben geschwankt sind geschwankt |
Commands
| du | schwank! schwanke! |
|---|---|
| ihr | schwankt! |
| Sie | schwanken Sie! |
Past perfect
| ich | hatte geschwankt war geschwankt |
|---|---|
| du | hattest geschwankt warst geschwankt |
| er/sie/es | hatte geschwankt war geschwankt |
| wir | hatten geschwankt waren geschwankt |
| ihr | hattet geschwankt wart geschwankt |
| sie | hatten geschwankt waren geschwankt |
Future
| ich | werde schwanken |
|---|---|
| du | wirst schwanken |
| er/sie/es | wird schwanken |
| wir | werden schwanken |
| ihr | werdet schwanken |
| sie | werden schwanken |
Subjunctive I
| ich | schwanke |
|---|---|
| du | schwankest |
| er/sie/es | schwanke |
| wir | schwanken |
| ihr | schwanket |
| sie | schwanken |
Used for reported speech.
Subjunctive II
| ich | schwankte |
|---|---|
| du | schwanktest |
| er/sie/es | schwankte |
| wir | schwankten |
| ihr | schwanktet |
| sie | schwankten |
Used for wishes and “would”.
Other forms
| infinitive | schwanken |
|---|---|
| with zu | zu schwanken |
| present participle | schwankend |
| past participle | geschwankt |
Usage tips
Basic meaning
The core idea of 'schwanken' (to sway/fluctuate/waver) is always some form of instability or irregularity. This idea connects all meanings: a physically swaying bridge, unstable prices, or a person who cannot make a decision.
EXAMPLE
Das Boot schwankte stark auf den Wellen.
The boat swayed strongly on the waves.
Typical subjects
For physical movement, objects such as 'Brücke' (bridge), 'Baum' (tree), or 'Schiff' (ship) are often used as the subject. But it can also be a person, for example someone who is drunk or dizzy.
EXAMPLE
Der Betrunkene schwankte die Straße entlang.
The drunk man staggered down the street.
Sentence structure with "zwischen"
When talking about values or amounts that change, the structure 'schwanken zwischen ... und ...' (to fluctuate between ... and ...) is often used to indicate the range of the change.
EXAMPLE
Die Benzinpreise schwanken täglich zwischen 1,80 € und 1,90 €.
Gas prices fluctuate daily between €1.80 and €1.90.
Sentence structure for indecision
To express a person's indecision, the patterns 'schwanken zwischen [Option A] und [Option B]' (to waver between [Option A] and [Option B]) or the subordinate-clause construction 'schwanken, ob ...' (to waver over whether ...) are often used.
EXAMPLE
Sie schwankt noch, ob sie den neuen Job annehmen soll.
She is still wavering over whether she should accept the new job.
Ich schwanke zwischen dem roten und dem blauen Kleid.
I'm wavering between the red dress and the blue dress.
Typical collocations
In the meaning 'not to be constant', 'schwanken' (to vary) is frequently combined with the nouns 'Leistungen' (performances) or 'Qualität' (quality). The degree of change is often described with an adverb such as 'stark' (greatly/strongly).
EXAMPLE
Die Qualität der Produkte schwankt leider stark.
Unfortunately, the quality of the products varies greatly.
Compare with
schwanken vs zweifeln
to doubt
Zweifeln is used when someone is unsure whether a decision is the right one. Schwanken, by contrast, means being torn between several options. If you critically assess a single option, you zweifelst an it; if you cannot decide between options, you schwankst.
schwanken
Lea schwankt noch zwischen einem Umzug nach Köln und einem Umzug nach Bonn.
Lea is still wavering between moving to Cologne and moving to Bonn.
zweifeln
Lea zweifelt daran, dass der Umzug nach Köln die richtige Entscheidung ist.
Lea doubts that moving to Cologne is the right decision.
In real life
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