expulsion
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expulsion
The violent and forced removal of people from their homeland, country, or region. The term is often used in the context of war, ethnic conflicts, or political persecution.
Die Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts ist von Flucht und Vertreibung vieler Völker geprägt.
The history of the 20th century is marked by the flight and expulsion of many peoples.
driving away
The active driving away or removal of animals or unwanted people from a particular place.
Die Vertreibung der Tauben vom Dachboden gestaltete sich als schwierig.
Driving the pigeons away from the attic proved difficult.
'Die Vertreibung' (the expulsion) is the noun form of the verb 'vertreiben' (to drive away / to expel). The verb means 'to force someone or something to leave a place.' The ending '-ung' turns the action into a noun.
Der Bauer versuchte, die Vögel vom Feld zu vertreiben.
The farmer tried to drive the birds away from the field.
In this meaning, the word has strong historical and political weight. It is almost always used in connection with war, persecution, and the forced leaving of one's homeland by large groups of people.
Nach dem Krieg führte die Vertreibung zu großen Flüchtlingsströmen.
After the war, the expulsion led to large flows of refugees.
Common combinations are 'Flucht und Vertreibung' (flight and expulsion) and 'die Vertreibung aus der Heimat' (expulsion from one's homeland). These expressions emphasize the involuntary and often violent nature of the event.
Das Museum dokumentiert das Schicksal von Flucht und Vertreibung.
The museum documents the fate of flight and expulsion.
You can recognize this meaning when the context is about a specific, limited place (e.g., a garden, a house) and about animals or individual unwanted people. The context is usually everyday and not political.
Die Vertreibung der Mäuse aus dem Keller war erfolgreich.
Driving the mice out of the basement was successful.
deportation
Both words refer to people having to leave a place or country against their will. “Abschiebung” is the deportation of a foreign person without the right to reside, enforced by the authorities. “Vertreibung” is broader and can also result from war, persecution, or violent expulsion.
Der Krieg führte zur Vertreibung vieler Familien aus ihrer Heimat.
The war led to the expulsion of many families from their homeland.
Nach der abgelehnten Aufenthaltserlaubnis ordnete die Behörde die Abschiebung der Person an.
After the residence permit was denied, the authorities ordered the person’s deportation.
