banishment
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banishment / exile
The punishment in which a person is forced to leave their home country or a specific region and is not allowed to return; exile.
Der Schriftsteller lebte nach seiner Verbannung viele Jahre im Ausland.
After his banishment, the writer lived abroad for many years.
'Verbannung' (banishment) is the noun related to the verb 'verbannen' (to banish). The ending '-ung' turns the verb into a nominalization that describes the action or its result.
Der König verbannte seinen Rivalen aus dem Land.
The king banished his rival from the country.
When it refers to people, certain prepositions are used: someone is sent 'in die Verbannung' (into exile), lives 'in der Verbannung' (in exile), and returns 'aus der Verbannung' (from exile).
Nach dem Sturz des Diktators konnte er aus der Verbannung heimkehren.
After the dictator was overthrown, he was able to return home from exile.
When it refers to things, the structure 'Verbannung von etwas aus einem Bereich' (removal of something from an area) is often used. This describes the exclusion of an object or concept.
Die Initiative fordert die Verbannung von Werbung aus Schulen.
The initiative calls for the removal of advertising from schools.
ban / prohibition
'das Verbot' and 'die Verbannung' sound similar and both have to do with restriction. However, they mean different things. A 'Verbot' is a rule: an action is not allowed. A 'Verbannung' concerns a person or thing that is excluded from a country, a place, or an area. The word sounds much stronger and often historical or very drastic. So you can prohibit a behavior, but banish a person. In a figurative sense, a thing can also be banished from an area, for example plastic from a shop.
Der König ordnete die Verbannung des Verräters an.
The king ordered the banishment of the traitor.
Das Verbot des Rauchens gilt im ganzen Gebäude.
The ban on smoking applies throughout the entire building.